Boletín del Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana Dr. Emilio Ravignani

José Carlos Chiaramonte (1931-2024)

Noemí Goldman — 2024-07-01

Homenaje - José Carlos Chiaramoente (1931-2024)

Ana María Presta (1953-2024)

2024-07-01

Homenaje - Ana María Presta (1953-2024)

The transition to the new legal order. Workers, labor conflict and state mediation in the center of Buenos Aires province (1937-1949)

Pablo Canavessi — 2024-07-01

The article offers an exploration of the role played by the Departamento de Trabajo of Buenos Aires province and the Secretaría de Trabajo y Previsión in the resolution of a series of conflicts involving employers and workers in Olavarría between 1937 and 1949. Through the analysis of administrative files and news published in the local press, the paper considers the capacities of the officials of these departments to intervene in labor issues and reconstructs the workers experience of the State in a period of deep social and political transformations. Through a case study and sources underexploited by historiography, this research aims to shed new light on the changes and continuities that Peronism produced in the life of Argentine workers.

Votes without fights. The elections in the student centers of the national universities (1973-1975)

Juan Sebastián Califa — 2024-07-01

This article analyzes the elections of the student centers of the Argentine national universities after the constitutional return of 1973 until its closure with the dictatorship perpetrated in 1976. Based on detailed election information, the research aims to identify for a triennium participants, winners and losers, account for electoral contexts and so discover general trends. The text argues with those who have publicized a peronization as the predominant characteristic of the period.

Impunity, Justice and Crimes against Humanity: Rupture and Articulation of the Political Consensus after the Supreme Court “2x1” Sentence (Argentina, 2017)

Salvi Valentina — 2024-07-01

In May 2017, the Supreme Court decided the applicability of colloquially called “2x1” law in perpetrator Luis Muiña’s case. This law had been issued between 1994 and 2001, and established a reduction of sentence for those convicted who had been in preventive detention for more than two years. This new jurisprudence for crimes against humanity established a precedent for other convicts to apply for the benefit. The following article analyzes the political and social process unleashed after the sentence and its culmination in the enactment of Law 27.362, which declared the “2x1” law for crimes against humanity inapplicable. The central hypothesis is that the political deliberation and social mobilization was a scenario for the re-articulation of a political consensus that built on the democratic transition’s legacies from State terrorism and for the notion of impunity as a category able to articulate, in a contingent way, politically heterogeneous positions, traditions and rationalities.

Presentación

La Dirección del Instituto Ravignani — 2024-07-01

Presentación

Social conflict and ethno-racial identifications in the colonial prelude to caudillismo and the Montonera rebellions

Diego Escolar — 2024-07-01

This text develops some of the contributions of the book El país indiviso. Poblamiento, conflictos por la tierra y mestizajes en Los Llanos de La Rioja durante la colonia, by Roxana Boixadós and Judith Farberman, in order to understand the colonial history of the region and, above all, its projection for the analysis of rural political mobilization in the XIX century. It is not intended to be a review, but rather a commentary that rescues the analysis of the emergence and evolution of undivided property and the importance of the conflicts that this economic and social formation implied for the belligerence of Los Llanos in the post-independence period. It also addresses the book’s inquiry into the uses of ethnic or racial categories between the mid-18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, discussing some of the conclusions drawn from them. In particular, the need to deepen the decoupling of the categories as collective representations that establish differences of miscegenation as a specific biological or cultural process, and relativize the idea of ethnic-racial homogenization towards the beginning of the 19th century as one of the bases of popular and political mobilization, with a view to a regional explanation of the montoneras beyond Los Llanos.

Don Cándido Sotomayor and his consistency in the perception of quality

Florencia Guzmán — 2024-07-01

For twenty-six years, the priest of Los Llanos, Don Cándido Sotomayor, carried out a task of organizing and classifying the priesthood that is surprising given the dynamics of constant change that characterized that community towards the end of the colonial period. In this sense, it seems that his work did not consist of a mere reclassification of the population, but rather a personal and consistent categorization based on the implicit criteria of quality perception. The categories used by Sotomayor reveal both the values rooted in his position in the social hierarchy and the changes in the current racial imaginaries and their resignification towards the end of the colonial era. It is important to highlight, in line with what the authors expressed, the opportunities that the analysis of Sotomayor's work provides to examine the approaches through which the census takers observed reality. Likewise, it allows contrasting perceptions, consistency and reinforcements of certain implicit attributes of quality over time. This detailed look at the religious’ work and classification criteria offers us a unique window to understand how quality was constructed and perceived at that time, as well as to analyze the changes and continuities in social and racial evaluations throughout the colonial period.

Commentary on El país indiviso by Roxana Boixadós and Judith Farberman

Romina Zamora — 2024-07-01

The following contribution offers an analysis of the book El país indiviso. Poblamiento, conflictos por la tierra y mestizajes en Los Llanos de La Rioja durante la Colonia, published in 2021, by Roxana Boixadós and Judith Farberman, which presents a study on the configuration of the Los Llanos de La Rioja region during the Colony and an analysis of the geographical and social dynamics around land conflicts.

Response to comments on El país indiviso

Roxana Boixadós — 2024-07-01

We present here some considerations that arose from the comments of Romina Zamora, Florencia Guzmán, and Diego Escolar on El país indiviso. Poblamiento, conflictos por la tierra y mestizajes en Los Llanos de La Rioja durante la colonia, of our authorship. We focus on three fundamental issues, which are also highlighted by the commentators: socioethnic classifications, the configuration of 'common fields' of undivided property, and the projections of this colonial research into the 19th century.

Presentación

La Dirección del Instituto Ravignani — 2024-07-01

Presentación

Chronicle of a historiographic dissatisfaction. Commentary to Sergio Serulnikov. The power of disagreement. Political culture and crisis of the Spanish government. Chuquisaca, 1777-1809

Gustavo L. Paz — 2024-07-01

Historiographic consideration on the political culture of the late-colonial period and its impact regarding the publication of Sergio Serulnikov's recent book, El poder del disenso, which proposes a long-term revisionist look at the crisis of the Spanish colonial order in the Andes.

About the power of dissent: reflections on the historiographic contributions of Sergio Serulnikov’s new book

Pablo Ortemberg — 2024-07-01

This essay offers a description of the content and a critical reflection of Serulnikov’s new work, organized five sections. First, the structure of this exhaustive book of political history is described and the central question that animates it is presented about “how the new is born”, or in other words, how historical change occurs. Secondly, the articulation of this book with the precedent on “ethnic political cultures” is made explicit. In the third instance, some lines of debate on the scope and limitations of the concepts of “culture” and “political culture” are recovered. The fourth part presents the historiographical position of the author regarding the old and new discussions about the causes and periodization of independence. Finally, it focuses on the scales and the biographical strategy with which the book works, to revisit the methodological question of the exceptional-normal.

Comments on Sergio Serulnikov’s book, El poder del disenso. Cultura política urbana y crisis del gobierno español. Chuquisaca, 1777-1809

Marcela Ternavasio — 2024-07-01

From Sergio Serulnikov's book, El poder del disenso. Cultura política urbana y crisis del gobierno español. Chuquisaca, 1777-1809 (Buenos Aires, Prometeo, 2022), the text reflects on its main contributions to the historical field for the late colonial period and the beginning of the 19th century. The comments focus on three fundamental aspects. The first one, of theoretical character, concerns the always renewed discussion about the nature and driving force of historical change; the second is methodological and revolves around the link drawn between the record of action and that of speeches; the third, of a historiographical order, refers to the role of the colonial condition and the crisis of 1808 in the Spanish American revolutionary processes.

'The harsh mechanism of empire' and its dissidents. On the decline of the colonial order

Sergio Serulnikov — 2024-07-01

This essay addresses a set of methodological problems around the study of the crisis of the colonial order and political history in response to the comments of Pablo Ortemberg, Gustavo Paz and Marcela Ternavasio on the book of my authorship, El poder del disenso. Cultura política urbana y crisis del gobierno español. Chuquisaca, 1777-1809.

Reviews

Agustina Rayes — 2024-07-01

Agustina Rayes, Mariano J. Aramburo, Julio Djenderedjian, Aníbal Jáuregui, María Elena Barral, María José Valdez, Cecilia Simón.