Historia & Guerra

Editorial

María Inés Tato — 2025-03-10

Introduction to Dossier: The Third Reich, World War II, and the Holocaust: Argentine Perspectives, Experiences, and Aftermath. An Introduction

Marcia Ras — 2025-03-10

Some outcomes of the Eichmann case in Argentina and Israel

Ignacio Klich — 2025-03-10

The ink devoted to Argentina as a refuge for an important number of Nazi and collaborationist war criminals on the run contextualizes this approach to certain clarities and darknesses in the diplomatic relations between various countries, mainly Argentina and Israel after the detention in Buenos Aires in May 1960 of one of those most involved in Nazism’s genocide of mainly Jewish victims. Taken to Israel and prosecuted in Jerusalem, Adolf Eichmann was given the death sentence, with different aspects of his capture harming Argentine-Israeli relations. In fact, somewhat of a hiatus –a relatively brief interruption of diplomatic ties– was included among the damage caused by the kidnapping, its smallness becoming noticeable especially when compared with the casus belli put forward by the severest critics of Israel’s infringement of Argentine sovereignty.

Argentine citizenship and solidarity in Milan during the Second World War: Leiba Faiwel and his work in La Mensa dei Bambini

Catalina Morresi — 2025-03-10

Case study of a naturalized Argentine citizen residing in Italy: Leiba Wolf Faiwel. It focuses on the Jewish community of Milan during the years 1938-1943, the context of the crisis of refugees from territories under the rule of the Third Reich, and the application of anti-Semitic measures. The purpose of this work is, on the one hand, to publicize the charity La Mensa dei Bambini and, at the same time, to study to what extent citizenship of a neutral country provided Faiwel with protection to contribute to the cause.

Foreigners in Warsaw during World War II. Passports and false papers, internment, exchange and extermination

Marcia Ras — 2025-03-10

This paper presents the research findings of a comparative study on the experiences of foreign Jews and Polish dual nationals who were in or passed through Warsaw during World War II. The focus is on Argentines and Americans, briefly referencing those from other countries. It covers both genuine citizens, holders of false papers, and their immediate family members. It analyzes the similarities and differences in the evolution of their treatment after the German occupation and their confinement in the Warsaw Ghetto until the onset of its liquidation (Grossaktion). It also describes the changing policies adopted by the Germans towards these foreigners, which were based on the neutral or belligerent status of the countries they were or claimed to be citizens of. In the case of holders of false papers, it mentions some networks and methods of obtaining them.

Introduction to Dossier The Evolution of Irregular Warfare from the 19th Century to the Present Day

Alberto Guerrero — 2025-03-10

The Carlist guerrilla movement in Maestrazgo through the diary of Roque García (1838-1840)

Daniel Macías Fernández — 2025-03-10

This article explores the First Carlist War (1833-1840) in the Maestrazgo region through the work of Roque García. Based on the notes in the unpublished diary of the aforementioned guerrilla fighter, the aim is to ascertain the mobility of the insurgent forces in this theatre of operations. This specific case allows us to reconstruct an efficient type of irregular warfare. This was the case insofar as it took the state seven years to crush the traditionalist forces. From a historical micro-approach, the research allows us to analyze the approaches to warfare in Maestrazgo, while at the same time confirming the central importance of mobility for the guerrilla strategy.

Abd-el-Krim and the Rif Resistence Against the Spanish Army (1921-1927)

Alberto Guerrero — 2025-03-10

The Rif War constitutes one of the early modern examples of irregular warfare, serving as a model for subsequent insurgencies against colonial powers. During this conflict, the Spanish army first, and later the French army, faced a formidable enemy, well-versed in the terrain, sober, astute, and of indomitable valor, traits frequently attributed to him. Confronted with a highly mobile adversary and with the terrain as their primary ally, the Spanish Army experienced confusion and suffered significant defeats, such as the disaster at Annual. However, upon regaining the will to prevail and reapplying classic principles of warfare, they managed to overcome the forces of the Rif leader Abd-el-Krim and, in cooperation with the French, thwarted his aspiration to establish an independent Republic in the Rif.

Portuguese counterinsurgency units Angola, 1961-1974

Juan Alberto Alfonso González — 2025-03-10

Between 1961 and 1974, in a desperate attempt to preserve its empire, Portugal became embroiled in a brutal colonial war on three different African fronts. The Portuguese nation was one of the poorest in Europe and had a population far smaller than that of other colonial powers such as France or the United Kingdom. Despite this, the dictatorial regime led by António de Oliveira Salazar steadfastly refused to make any concessions that would lead its overseas territories toward independence. This resulted in a long, nearly fourteen-year conflict that claimed the lives of thousands of young Portuguese men and left the country in ruins. Ultimately, it was all in vain, as a military coup overthrew the dictatorship in 1974 and granted independence to the colonies of the Iberian nation. To face the challenge of defeating the insurgent movements in Guinea, Angola, and Mozambique, Portugal had to adapt to a mode of conflict for which it was unprepared: subversive warfare. This required the development of a whole new combat doctrine suited for this type of warfare and, above all, the creation and expansion of forces capable of carrying it out. We will analyze these counterinsurgency units in the war theater of Angola.

Bokoko: an experience of interethnic coexistence in Spanish Guinea during World War I (1916-1919)

Carlos Font Gavira — 2025-03-10

The neutrality adopted by Spain during the First World War was compromised in its colonial possessions in the Gulf of Guinea. The war in the German colony of Cameroon, neighboring the Spanish territory of Río Muni, caused a humanitarian crisis of enormous proportions. The German colonial army, along with its African troops (askaris), was followed by thousands of Cameroonian civilians made up of entire families (women, the elderly and children). The Spanish government moved the Germans and their African soldiers to the island of Fernando Poo, where they were established in several camps under a military organization. The space dedicated to Cameroonian civilians was named Bokoko. We explore this experience where different Cameroonian ethnic groups coexisted under the protection of Spanish neutrality. The link between them was their support for the Germans, voluntary or forced, which was vital to understanding the basis of indigenous support for colonial power.

Reporting in exile: the periodistic contribution of Livia Neumann in the Argentinisches Wochenblatt

Tomás Schierenbeck Molina — 2025-03-10

After the rise of National Socialism in 1933 and the invasion of its troops over European territory, Argentina became a transcendental node of German-speaking exile. Around 40,000 emigrants arrived on the shores of Buenos Aires during the period 1933-1945. One of the exiles who arrived in Argentina was Livia Neumann, who was quickly inserted in the main German-language anti-Hitlerist periodical in Latin America, the Argentinisches Tageblatt. The following article aims to recover the journalistic work of the exiled Livia Neumann published in the weekly Argentinisches Wochenblatt –sister publication of the newspaper– during the period 1938-1939. In detail, how this particular aspect of her work in the Alemann family’s periodicals is a historical testimony that allows us to approach different aspects of the German-speaking exile in the region. For this, we will focus on three aspects: 1) Her concern to inform about the consequences of the National Socialist advance on Europe, 2) the reproduction of migrant testimonies that show the delicate social and juridical conditions of the German-speaking exile and 3) the denunciation of the Nazi crimes in the concentration camps.

Guardians of the oficial narrative? Sketches of a literature of veterans of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992-1995) from publications by members of the ARBiH Fifth Corps

Matías Figal — 2025-03-10

In Bosnia-Herzegovina, three incompatible with each other official narratives about the last war (1992-1995) can be identified, which are supported by political-institutional projects with different ideas about what the country should be. However, they have one thing in common: the hierarchical role assigned to the war veterans. Although a large number of ex-combatants have written books and articles on the conflict, literature has neglected the possibilities offered by a systematic analysis of them, especially with regard to their links with the official narratives. Focusing on the so-called intra-Bosniak conflict because of the tensions it presents to one of those narratives, this article aims to explore the aforementioned by resorting to three books written by members of the Fifth Corps of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (which took part in these conflicts).

El silencio de la guerra, by Antonio Monegal (2024)

Cinthia Meijide — 2025-03-10

La Prusia Americana. Chile y sus relaciones internacionales durante la guerra y posguerra del Pacífico (1879-1891), by Mauricio Rubilar Luengo (2022)

Pablo Daniel Escobar Burgos — 2025-03-10

The Europe Plan: An Interpretation of the Strategic Military Dimension of Argentine Foreign Policy, the Modernisation and Re-equipment of the Armed Forces (1963-1973)

Franco Agustín Lucietto — 2025-03-10