COVID-19 pandemic impact on the efficiency of Brazilian airports: application of data envelopment analysis and tobit regression

Abstract

The air transport sector is characterized by big volumes of passengers transported globaly. These transports, interconnecting geographically diverse localities, turn this modal into a potencial disseminator of infectious diseases in general. With the Covid-19 pandemic, governments and airports all over the world have implemented restrictive measures on airport operations, in a attempt to mitigate this dissemination potencial, resulting in negative impacts on the operating results of these airports. This work aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the efficiency values ​​of 17 Brazilian airports, and also the influence of different factors on these efficiencies. The methodology took place in two stages, with the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), to obtain the efficiency scores, followed by tobit regression to identify and analyze the influence exerted by different factors on these efficiencies. Data from 2010 to 2020 were used. The results showed that there was no significant reduction in efficiency scores of these airports, ​​due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The models obtained with the tobit regression showed a positive influence of GDP per capita on airport efficiency values, and expressed the statistical insignificance of the influence of privatization on these values.