A Demoniac-Nun Goes to the Confessional: Uses and Applications of the Sacrament of Penance in the Jeanne Féry’s Case (Spanish Netherlands, 1584-1586)
Keywords:
Auricular Confession, Diabolic Possession, Priesthood, Confessional Struggles, Sacraments
Abstract
In the early-modern period, the sacrament of penance was subject of debates, controversies and rejections. In this article, my purpose will be to analyze the set of practices and representations created around the administration of sacramental penance in a particular case: the alleged diabolical possession suffered by Jeanne Féry, a conventual nun of the Sœur Noires of the city of Mons, in the Spanish Netherlands, between 1584 and 1586. The reading of the Histoire admirable et veritable, a documentary source compiled by Archdeacon François Buisseret, where the experiences of the possessed woman were narrated, reveals that the application of the paradigm of reconciliation was fundamental to expel the invading demons, as well as to exalt the ecclesiastical institution and its ordained ministers. Consequently, the return of the possessed person to the bosom of the Church was possible only through the performance of a general confession dispensed by the priests. In this article, I will seek to recreate the way the application of forgiveness was carried out on a person considered blasphemous and heretical possessed during a critical context of theological discussions around this particular sacrament, a by-product of the emergence and consolidation of the Protestant Reform.Downloads
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References
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Chave-Mahir, F. (2011). L’exorcisme des possédés dans l’Église d’Occident (Xe-XIVe siècle). Turnhout: Brepols.
Contreras Gallego, M. (1998). La eficacia simbólica del agua en el ritual cristiano del bautismo. Un enfoque antropológico. Gazeta de Antropología, 14(8), 1-12.
Cottret, B. (2000). Calvin: A Biography. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
de Blécourt, W. (2013). Sabbath Stories: Towards a New History of Witches’ Assemblies. En B. P. Levack (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America (84-101). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
de Boer, W. (2001). The Conquest of the Soul: Confession and Public Order in Counter-Reformation Milan. Leiden: Brill.
de Certeau, M. (1970). La Possession de Loudun. Paris: Julliard.
de Jong, M. (1992). Power and Humility in Carolingian Society: The Public Penance of Louis the Pious. Early Medieval Europe, 1, 29-52.
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Ginzburg, C. (2013). Our Words, and Theirs: A Reflection on the Historian’s Craft, Today. Cromohs. Cyber Review of Modern Historiography, 18, 97-114.
González Polvillo, A. (2009). Análisis y repertorio de los tratados y manuales para la confesión en el mundo hispánico (siglos XV-XVIII). Huelva: Universidad de Huelva.
González Polvillo, A. (2010). El gobierno de los otros. Confesión y control de la conciencia en la España Moderna. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla.
Gordon, B. (2017). John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion: A Biography. Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Graf, F. (2004). Confession, Secrecy, and Ancient Societies. En B. Luchesi and K. von Stuckrad (Eds.), Religion im kulturellen Diskurs / Religion in Cultural Discourse (267-269). Berlin-New York: De Gruyter.
Gregory, B. S. (2012). The Unintended Reformation: How a Religious Revolution Secularized Society. Cambridge-London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Haliczer, S. (1996). Sexuality in the Confessional: A Sacrament Profaned. New York-Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Helm, P. (2008). Calvin: A Guide for the Perplexed. London-New York: T&T Clark.
Houdard, S. (2009). Une vie cachée chez les diables. L’irréligion de Jeanne Féry, ex-possédée et pseudo religieuse. L’Atelier du Centre de recherches historiques, 4, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4000/acrh.1227
Introvigne, M. (Trad.) (2016). Satanism: A Social History. Leiden: Brill.
Iogna-Prat, D. (2008). Topographies of Penance in the Latin West (c.800–c.1200). En A. Firey (Ed.), A New History of Penance (149-172). Leiden-Boston: Brill.
Kidder, A. S. (2010). Making Confession, Hearing Confession: A History of the Cure of Souls. Collegeville: Liturgical Press.
Krause, V. (2005). Confessional Fictions and Demonology in Renaissance France. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 35(2), 327-348.
Krause, V. (2015). Witchcraft, Demonology, and Confession in Early Modern France. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kvicalova, A. (2019). Listening and Knowledge in Reformation Europe (Hearing, Speaking and Remembering in Calvin’s Geneva). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lea, H. C. (1896). A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church: Confession and Absolution (Volume 1). Philadelphia: Lea Brothers & Co.
Levack, B. P. (2013). The Devil Within: Possession and Exorcism in the Christian West. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Levering, M. (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
López de Ayala, D. I. (1785). El Sacrosanto y Ecuménico Concilio de Trento (traducido al español del texto original en latín). Madrid: Imprenta Real.
Maher, M. (2000). Confession and Consolation: The Society of Jesus and its Promotion of the General Confession. En K. Jackson Lualdi y A. T. Thayer (Eds.), Penitence in the Age of Reformations (184-200). Aldershot: Ashgate.
Martínez Millán, J. y de Carlos Morales, C. J. (2011). Religión, política y tolerancia en la Europa Moderna. Madrid: Polifemo.
Meens, R. (2014). Penance in Medieval Europe, 600-1200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Muir, E. (1997). Ritual in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
O’Callaghan, P. (2017). Luther and ‘sola gratia’: The Rapport Between Grace, Human Freedom, Good Works and Moral Life. Scripta Theologica, 49(1), 193-212.
O’Malley, J. (1995). Los primeros Jesuitas. Santander-Bilbao: Mensajero / Sal Terrae.
Parish, H. L. (2018). A Short History of the Reformation. London-New York: I. B. Tauris.
Po-Chia Hsia, R. (2010). El mundo de la Renovación católica, 1540-1770. Madrid: Akal.
Prosperi, A. (1996). Tribunali della coscienza: inquisitori, confessori, missionari. Torino: Einaudi.
Rubin, M. (2004). Gentile Tales: The Narrative Assault on Late Medieval Jews. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Saak, E. L. (2017). Luther and the Reformation of the Later Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Sluhovsky, M. (2007). Believe not Every Spirit: Possession, Mysticism and Discernment in Early Modern Catholicism. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Sluhovsky, M. (2013). General Confession and Self-Knowledge in Early Modern Catholicism. En A. Ben-Tov, Y. Deutsch y T. Herzig (Eds.), Knowledge and Religion in Early Modern Europe (25-46). Leiden-Boston: Brill.
Soto Rábanos, J. M. (2006). Visión y tratamiento del pecado en los manuales de confesión de la baja edad media hispana. Hispania sacra, 58(118), 411-447.
Steinmetz, D. C. (2010). Calvin in Context. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stephens, W. (2002). Demon Lovers. Witchcraft, Sex, and the Crisis of Belief. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Tappert, T. G., Pelikan, J., Fischer R. H. y Piepkorn A. C. (Eds.). (1959). The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
Tarantino, D. (2016). Confesión y sigilo sacramental en el Concilio Lateranense IV: de la normativa a la reflexión doctrinal. Vergentis, 3, 173-192.
Tentler, T. N. (1977). Sin and Confession on the Eve of the Reformation. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Vainio, O. P. (2008). Justification and Participation in Christ: The Development of the Lutheran Doctrine of Justification from Luther to the Formula of Concord (1580). Leiden and Boston: Brill.
Van der Hart, O., Lierens, R. y Goodwin, J. (1996). Jeanne Féry: A Sixteenth-Century Case of Dissociative Identity Disorder. The Journal of Psychohistory, 24(1), 18-35.
Verciani, L. (2001). Le moi et ses diables: Autobiographie spirituelle et récit de possession au XVII e siècle. Paris: Honoré Champion Éditeur.
Vergotte, A. (1978). Dette et désir, deux axes chrétiens et la dérive pathologique. Paris: Seuil.
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Zachman, R. C. (2004). Confession. En H. J. Hillerbrand (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Protestantism Volume 1 (811-813). New York-London: Routledge.
Bireley, R. (1999). The Refashioning of Catholicism, 1450-1700. Houndmills-London: Macmillan Education.
Bonino, S. T. (2007). Les anges et les démons. Quatorze leçons de théologie. Paris: Parole et Silence.
Bourneville, D. M. (1886). La possession de Jeanne Féry, religieuse professe du convent des Sœurs Noires de la ville de Mons. Paris: Progrès Médical/A. Delahaye et Lecrosnier.
Broedel, H. P. (2003). The Malleus Maleficarum and the Construction of Witchcraft: Theology and Popular Belief. Manchester-New York: Manchester University Press.
Brown, P. (2003). The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, A.D. 200–1000 (10th anniversary rev. ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Buisseret, F. (1586). Histoire admirable et veritable des choses advenues à l’endroict d’une religieuse professe du couvent des soeurs noires, de la ville de Mons en Hainaut, natiſve de Sore sur Sambre, aagée de vingt cinq ans, possédée du maling esprit et depuis délivrée. Paris: Claude de Monstre-oeil.
Chartier, R. (1992). El mundo como representación: estudios de historia cultural. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Chave-Mahir, F. (2011). L’exorcisme des possédés dans l’Église d’Occident (Xe-XIVe siècle). Turnhout: Brepols.
Contreras Gallego, M. (1998). La eficacia simbólica del agua en el ritual cristiano del bautismo. Un enfoque antropológico. Gazeta de Antropología, 14(8), 1-12.
Cottret, B. (2000). Calvin: A Biography. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
de Blécourt, W. (2013). Sabbath Stories: Towards a New History of Witches’ Assemblies. En B. P. Levack (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America (84-101). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
de Boer, W. (2001). The Conquest of the Soul: Confession and Public Order in Counter-Reformation Milan. Leiden: Brill.
de Certeau, M. (1970). La Possession de Loudun. Paris: Julliard.
de Jong, M. (1992). Power and Humility in Carolingian Society: The Public Penance of Louis the Pious. Early Medieval Europe, 1, 29-52.
de Jong, M. (2000). Transformations of Penance. En F. Theuws and J. L. Nelson (Eds.), Rituals of Power: From Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages (185-224). Leiden: Brill.
Delecourt, J. (1872). Buisseret, François. En L’Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique (Pub.), Nouvelle Biographie Nationale (153-154). Bruxelles: H. Thiry Imprimeur-Éditeur.
Delumeau, J. (1992). La confesión y el perdón: Las dificultades de la confesión, siglos XIII a XVIII. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Devillers, L. (1874). Notice sur le couvent des Soeurs Noires à Mons. Mons: Imprimerie Dequesne-Masquillier.
Edwards, M. U. (1994). Printing, Propaganda, and Martin Luther. Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press.
Ferber, S. (2004). Demonic Possession and Exorcism in Early Modern France. London: Routledge.
Ferber, S. (2006). Féry, Jeanne (1584). En R. Golden (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Witchcraft: The Western Tradition (367-368). Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio.
Ferber, S. (2013). Demonic Possession, Exorcism, and Witchcraft. En B. P. Levack (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America (573-595). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Firey, A. (2008). Blushing before the Judge and Physician: Moral Arbitration in the Carolingian Empire. En A. Firey (Ed.), A New History of Penance (173-200). Leiden-Boston: Brill.
Garcia, C. M. (2021). La monja endemoniada y la eucaristía: prácticas y representaciones antisacramentales en la posesión de Jeanne Féry (Países Bajos españoles, 1584-1586). MAGALLÁNICA, Revista de Historia Moderna, 8(15), 229-261.
Ginzburg, C. (2010). XV. Brujas y chamanes. En C. Ginzburg (Ed.), El hilo y las huellas: lo verdadero, lo falso y lo ficticio (413-432). México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Ginzburg, C. (2013). Our Words, and Theirs: A Reflection on the Historian’s Craft, Today. Cromohs. Cyber Review of Modern Historiography, 18, 97-114.
González Polvillo, A. (2009). Análisis y repertorio de los tratados y manuales para la confesión en el mundo hispánico (siglos XV-XVIII). Huelva: Universidad de Huelva.
González Polvillo, A. (2010). El gobierno de los otros. Confesión y control de la conciencia en la España Moderna. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla.
Gordon, B. (2017). John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion: A Biography. Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Graf, F. (2004). Confession, Secrecy, and Ancient Societies. En B. Luchesi and K. von Stuckrad (Eds.), Religion im kulturellen Diskurs / Religion in Cultural Discourse (267-269). Berlin-New York: De Gruyter.
Gregory, B. S. (2012). The Unintended Reformation: How a Religious Revolution Secularized Society. Cambridge-London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Haliczer, S. (1996). Sexuality in the Confessional: A Sacrament Profaned. New York-Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Helm, P. (2008). Calvin: A Guide for the Perplexed. London-New York: T&T Clark.
Houdard, S. (2009). Une vie cachée chez les diables. L’irréligion de Jeanne Féry, ex-possédée et pseudo religieuse. L’Atelier du Centre de recherches historiques, 4, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4000/acrh.1227
Introvigne, M. (Trad.) (2016). Satanism: A Social History. Leiden: Brill.
Iogna-Prat, D. (2008). Topographies of Penance in the Latin West (c.800–c.1200). En A. Firey (Ed.), A New History of Penance (149-172). Leiden-Boston: Brill.
Kidder, A. S. (2010). Making Confession, Hearing Confession: A History of the Cure of Souls. Collegeville: Liturgical Press.
Krause, V. (2005). Confessional Fictions and Demonology in Renaissance France. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 35(2), 327-348.
Krause, V. (2015). Witchcraft, Demonology, and Confession in Early Modern France. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kvicalova, A. (2019). Listening and Knowledge in Reformation Europe (Hearing, Speaking and Remembering in Calvin’s Geneva). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lea, H. C. (1896). A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church: Confession and Absolution (Volume 1). Philadelphia: Lea Brothers & Co.
Levack, B. P. (2013). The Devil Within: Possession and Exorcism in the Christian West. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Levering, M. (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
López de Ayala, D. I. (1785). El Sacrosanto y Ecuménico Concilio de Trento (traducido al español del texto original en latín). Madrid: Imprenta Real.
Maher, M. (2000). Confession and Consolation: The Society of Jesus and its Promotion of the General Confession. En K. Jackson Lualdi y A. T. Thayer (Eds.), Penitence in the Age of Reformations (184-200). Aldershot: Ashgate.
Martínez Millán, J. y de Carlos Morales, C. J. (2011). Religión, política y tolerancia en la Europa Moderna. Madrid: Polifemo.
Meens, R. (2014). Penance in Medieval Europe, 600-1200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Muir, E. (1997). Ritual in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
O’Callaghan, P. (2017). Luther and ‘sola gratia’: The Rapport Between Grace, Human Freedom, Good Works and Moral Life. Scripta Theologica, 49(1), 193-212.
O’Malley, J. (1995). Los primeros Jesuitas. Santander-Bilbao: Mensajero / Sal Terrae.
Parish, H. L. (2018). A Short History of the Reformation. London-New York: I. B. Tauris.
Po-Chia Hsia, R. (2010). El mundo de la Renovación católica, 1540-1770. Madrid: Akal.
Prosperi, A. (1996). Tribunali della coscienza: inquisitori, confessori, missionari. Torino: Einaudi.
Rubin, M. (2004). Gentile Tales: The Narrative Assault on Late Medieval Jews. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Saak, E. L. (2017). Luther and the Reformation of the Later Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Slenczka, N. (2014). Luther’s Anthropology. En R. Kolb, I. Dingel y L. Batka (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Martin Luther’s Theology (212-232). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sluhovsky, M. (2007). Believe not Every Spirit: Possession, Mysticism and Discernment in Early Modern Catholicism. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Sluhovsky, M. (2013). General Confession and Self-Knowledge in Early Modern Catholicism. En A. Ben-Tov, Y. Deutsch y T. Herzig (Eds.), Knowledge and Religion in Early Modern Europe (25-46). Leiden-Boston: Brill.
Soto Rábanos, J. M. (2006). Visión y tratamiento del pecado en los manuales de confesión de la baja edad media hispana. Hispania sacra, 58(118), 411-447.
Steinmetz, D. C. (2010). Calvin in Context. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stephens, W. (2002). Demon Lovers. Witchcraft, Sex, and the Crisis of Belief. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Tappert, T. G., Pelikan, J., Fischer R. H. y Piepkorn A. C. (Eds.). (1959). The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
Tarantino, D. (2016). Confesión y sigilo sacramental en el Concilio Lateranense IV: de la normativa a la reflexión doctrinal. Vergentis, 3, 173-192.
Tentler, T. N. (1977). Sin and Confession on the Eve of the Reformation. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Vainio, O. P. (2008). Justification and Participation in Christ: The Development of the Lutheran Doctrine of Justification from Luther to the Formula of Concord (1580). Leiden and Boston: Brill.
Van der Hart, O., Lierens, R. y Goodwin, J. (1996). Jeanne Féry: A Sixteenth-Century Case of Dissociative Identity Disorder. The Journal of Psychohistory, 24(1), 18-35.
Verciani, L. (2001). Le moi et ses diables: Autobiographie spirituelle et récit de possession au XVII e siècle. Paris: Honoré Champion Éditeur.
Vergotte, A. (1978). Dette et désir, deux axes chrétiens et la dérive pathologique. Paris: Seuil.
Walter, P. (2015). Sacraments in the Council of Trent and Sixteenth-Century Catholic Theology. En H. Boersma y M. Levering (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Sacramental Theology (313-329). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wanegffelen, T. (1999). Une catholique malgré l’eucharistie, sœur Jeanne Féry de Mons: éléments d’un Dossier. Séminaire d’Yves-Marie Bercé, dans le cadre de l’Institut de Recherches sur la Civilisation de l’Occident moderne, 1-53.
Zachman, R. C. (2004). Confession. En H. J. Hillerbrand (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Protestantism Volume 1 (811-813). New York-London: Routledge.
Published
2022-08-01
How to Cite
Garcia, C. M. (2022). A Demoniac-Nun Goes to the Confessional: Uses and Applications of the Sacrament of Penance in the Jeanne Féry’s Case (Spanish Netherlands, 1584-1586). Anales De Historia Antigua, Medieval Y Moderna, 56(1). https://doi.org/10.34096/ahamm.v56.1.11684
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