War, micro-imperialism and predatory practices
Some notes on the expansion of the Hellenistic Achaean koinon (3rd-2nd centuries BC)
Keywords:
Achaean koinon, warfare, expansion, micro-imperialism
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the aggressive and acquisitive nature of the Hellenistic Achaean expansion through the Peloponnese. Though it is recognised the multilateral and horizontal nature of this historical process, the emphasis here is put on the Achaean perspective and actions. In this sense, both the historical evidence about violence, coercion, and intimidation against many Peloponnesian communities forced into the koinón is gathered together, as well as about material and immaterial incentives to warfare and conquest. It is suggested that micro-imperialism seemed to have mobilized large sections of the Achaean citizenry to go to war regularly. However, regarding the question of whether the Achaean koinón might be considered a form of predatory or benevolent state, the inconvenience of overly restrictive reasoning is suggested here. Particular phases or moments in the construction of the relationship between poleis and koinón should be explored separately, and the initial one, or integration, opened a gap to temporarily impose hierarchical relationships and extract resources from the local communities.Downloads
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References
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Pritchett, W. (1991). The Greek State at War, vol. V. Berkeley: Univ. of California.
Raeymaekers, J. (1996). The origins of the rivalry between Philopoemen and Flamininus. AncSoc, 27, 259-76.
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Robu, A. (2011). Recherches sur l’épigraphie de la Mégaride. Le décret d’Aigosthènes pour Apollodôros de Mégare (IG VII, 223)”. En N. Baboud (Ed.), Philologos Dionysos (80-101). Ginebra: Droz.
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Siedentopf, H. (1968), Das hellenistische Reiterdenkmal. Waldsassen: Stiftland.
Sizov, S. K. (2016). Two Lists of the Achaian Nomographoi. ZPE, 198, 101-9.
Soza Larrain, F. (2016). Civic Identity and Political Agency in the Time of the Achaian League. The Hellenistic Peloponnese, 196-167. M.A. Dissertation, Oxford: mimeo.
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Thompson, M. (1968). The Agrinion Hoard. New York: The American Num. Soc.
Thonemann P. (2015). The Hellenistic World. Using Coins as Sources. Cambridge: CUP.
Thornton J. (2020). Polibio. Roma: Carocci.
Tsiolis V. (2002). Mantinea-Antigonea. Toledo: Bremen.
Walbank, F. (1933). Aratos of Sicyon. Cambridge: CUP.
Walbank, F. (1940). Philip V of Macedon. Cambridge: CUP.
Walbank, F. (1957). A Historical Commentary on Polybius, I. Oxford: Clarendon.
Walbank, F. (1967). A Historical Commentary on Polybius, II. Oxford: Clarendon.
Walbank, F. (1979). A Historical Commentary on Polybius, III. Oxford: Clarendon.
Walbank, F. (1984). Macedonia and the Greek Leagues, CAH, VII (1), 446-512.
Warren, J. (2007). The Bronze Coinage of the Achaian Koinon. London: Royal Num. Soc.
Beck, H. y Funke, P. (2015). An introduction to federalism in Greek Antiquity. En H. Beck, H. y P. Funke (eds.), Federalism in Greek Antiquity (1-29). Cambridge: CUP.
Bielman, A. (1994). Retour à la liberté. Libération et sauvetage des prisonniers en Grèce ancienne. Athens: É. Française d’Athénes.
Briscoe, J. (1973). A Commentary on Livy, Books XXXI-XXXIII. Oxford: Clarendon.
Briscoe, J. (1981). A Commentary on Livy, Books XXXIV-XXXVII. Oxford: Clarendon.
Burton, P. (2019). Roman Imperialism. Leiden: Brill.
Cartledge, P. y Spawforth A. (2002). Hellenistic and Roman Sparta. London: Routledge.
Chaniotis, A. (2005). War in the Hellenistic World. Malden (Ma.): Blackwell.
Curtius, E. (1851). Peloponnesos, vol. I. Gotha: Perthes.
D’Agostini, M. (2019). The Rise of Philip V. Alessandria: Dell’Orso.
D’Agostini, M. (2021). Il re Filippo V, Messene e il sogno panellenico di Arato. Politica Antica, XI, 59-74.
Eckstein, A. (2006). Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War and the Rise of Rome. Berkeley: Univ. of California.
Eckstein, A. (2008). Rome enters the Greek East. Malden (Ma.): Blackwell.
Economou, E. (2020). The Achaean Federation in Ancient Greece. Cham: Springer.
Ehrenberg, V. (1960). The Greek State. N. York: Blackwell.
Errington, R. (1969). Philopoemen. Oxford: Clarendon.
Étienne, R. y Knoepfler, D. (1976). Hyettos de Béotie et la chronologie des archontes fédéraux entre 250 et 171 avant J.-C. Athènes: De Boccard.
Fernández-Gotz, M., Maschek, M. y Roymans, N. (2020). The dark side of the Empire: Roman expansionism between object agency and predatory regime. Antiquity, 94 (378), 1630-9.
Ferrabino A. (1972). Il problema dell’unitá nazionale nella Grecia antica, vol. I. Roma: L’Erma di Bretschneider.
Fornis C. (2016). Esparta. Sevilla: Univ. de Sevilla.
González-Ruibal, A. (2015). An archaeology of predation: capitalism and the coloniality of power in Equatorial Guinea (Central Africa). En M. Leoni y J. Knauf (Eds.), Historical archaeologies of capitalism (421-44). N. York: Springer.
Habicht, Ch. (2006). Athènes hellénistique. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.
Hansen, M. y Nielsen, Th. (2004). An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford: OUP.
Harris, W. (1985). War and Imperialism in Republican Rome, 327-70 BC. Oxford: Clarendon.
Harris, W. (2016). Roman Power. Cambridge: CUP.
Hatzopoulos, M. (2001). L’organisation de l’armée macédonienne sous les Antigonides. Athens: De Boccard.
Hegel, G. W. F. (1953 [1837]). Lecciones sobre la filosofía de la historia universal, vol. 2. San Juan: Univ. de Puerto Rico.
Herman, G. (2002). Ritualised Friendship & the Greek City. Cambridge: CUP.
Jacquemin, A. (1999). Offrandes monumentales à Delphes. Paris: De Boccard.
Knoepfler, D. (2004). La découverte des Histoires de Polybe par Pausanias et la place du livre IX (Boiôtika) dans l’élaboration de la Périégèse. REG, 117, 468-503.
Kralli, I. (2017). The Hellenistic Peloponnese. Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales.
Larsen, J. A. O. (1968). Greek Federal States. Oxford: Clarendon.
Lasagni, Ch. (2011). Il concetto di realtà locale nel mondo greco. Roma: Aracne.
Lévêcque, P. (1968). La guerre à l’époque hellénistique. En J. Vernant (Ed.), Problèmes de la guerre en Grèce ancienne (261-87). Paris: Mouton.
Ma, J (2000). Fighting Poleis of the Hellenistic World. En H. van Wees (Ed.), War and Violence in Ancient Greece (337-376). London: The Classical Press of Wales.
Ma, J (2009). Empire, Statuses and Realities. En J. Ma, N. Papazarkadas, R. Parker (Eds.), Interpreting the Athenian Empire (125-148). Bristol: Bloomsbury.
Ma, J. (2013). Statues and Cities. Oxford: OUP.
Mackil, E. (2013). Creating a Common Polity. Berkeley: Univ. of California.
Malejacq, R. (2016). Warlords, Intervention, and State Consolidation: a Tipology of Political Orders in Weak and Failed States. Security Studies, 25, 85-110.
Martínez Lacy, R. (1995). Rebeliones Populares en la Grecia Helenística. Méxi¬co: UNAM.
Martínez Lacy, R. (2008). Inscripciones helenísticas sobre los ejércitos y la guerra, México: Edición del autor.
Melfi, M. (2010). Uestigiis reuolsorum donorum, tum donis diues erat (Livy XLV, 28): the Early Roman Presence in the Asklepieia of Greece. Bolletino di Archeologia On Line, 330, 20-7.
Moreno Leoni, A. (2013). La unidad del Peloponeso. De la imaginación a la territorialización en la Confederación aquea helenística durante los siglos III-II a.C. Polis, 25, 101-29.
Moreno Leoni, A. (2015). Memoria y tiranía en la Confederación Aquea helenística (s. III-II a.C.). Emérita, LXXXIII (1), 133-56.
Moreno Leoni, A. (2018). Un capitolo oscuro nella storia della Confederazione achea. Riflessioni sulla condanna a morte di Aristomaco di Argo (224 a.C.). Athenaeum, 106 (1), 82-93.
Musti, D. et al. (2000). Pausania. Guida dell Grecia. Livro VII, L’Acaia. Milano: Mondadori.
Niese, B. (1903). Geschichte der griechischen und makedonischen Staaten seit der Schlacht bei Chaeronea, vol. III. Gotha: Perthes.
Ñaco del Hoyo, T. y López Sánchez, F. (2018). War, Warlords, and Interstate Relations in the Ancient Mediterranean. Leiden: Brill.
Olivera, D. (2017). A Filopemén: Historia y retórica en Polibio. AFC, 30 (1), 33-42.
Olivera, D. (2017a). La democracia en Polibio. Una aproximación al pensamiento político en el mundo helenístico. AEHV, 12, 40-52.
O’Neil, J. (1984/86). The Political Elites of the Achaian and Aitolian League. AncSoc, 15/17, 33-61.
Paschidis, P. (2008). Between City and King. Paris: De Boccard.
Peek, W. (1969). Inschriften aus dem Asklepieion von Epidaurus. Berlin: Akademie.
Post, R. (2022). Warfare, Weather, and the Politics of Grain Shortage in the Early 2nd c. BC Achaian League. Historia, 71(2), 188-224.
Pritchett, W. (1991). The Greek State at War, vol. V. Berkeley: Univ. of California.
Raeymaekers, J. (1996). The origins of the rivalry between Philopoemen and Flamininus. AncSoc, 27, 259-76.
Rizakis, A. (1995). Achaie, vol. I. Athens: De Boccard.
Robu, A. (2011). Recherches sur l’épigraphie de la Mégaride. Le décret d’Aigosthènes pour Apollodôros de Mégare (IG VII, 223)”. En N. Baboud (Ed.), Philologos Dionysos (80-101). Ginebra: Droz.
Scholten, J. (2000). The Politics of Plunder. Aitolians and their Koinon in the Early Hellenistic Era, 279-217 B.C. Berkeley: Univ. of California.
Siedentopf, H. (1968), Das hellenistische Reiterdenkmal. Waldsassen: Stiftland.
Sizov, S. K. (2016). Two Lists of the Achaian Nomographoi. ZPE, 198, 101-9.
Soza Larrain, F. (2016). Civic Identity and Political Agency in the Time of the Achaian League. The Hellenistic Peloponnese, 196-167. M.A. Dissertation, Oxford: mimeo.
Terrenato, N. (2019). The Early Roman Expansion into Italy. Cambridge: CUP.
Texier, J.-G. (2014). 192-182 avant J.-C.: regards et réflexions sur dix ans d’histoire spartiate. DHA Suppl., 11, 237-96.
Thompson, M. (1968). The Agrinion Hoard. New York: The American Num. Soc.
Thonemann P. (2015). The Hellenistic World. Using Coins as Sources. Cambridge: CUP.
Thornton J. (2020). Polibio. Roma: Carocci.
Tsiolis V. (2002). Mantinea-Antigonea. Toledo: Bremen.
Walbank, F. (1933). Aratos of Sicyon. Cambridge: CUP.
Walbank, F. (1940). Philip V of Macedon. Cambridge: CUP.
Walbank, F. (1957). A Historical Commentary on Polybius, I. Oxford: Clarendon.
Walbank, F. (1967). A Historical Commentary on Polybius, II. Oxford: Clarendon.
Walbank, F. (1979). A Historical Commentary on Polybius, III. Oxford: Clarendon.
Walbank, F. (1984). Macedonia and the Greek Leagues, CAH, VII (1), 446-512.
Warren, J. (2007). The Bronze Coinage of the Achaian Koinon. London: Royal Num. Soc.
Published
2023-06-15
How to Cite
Moreno Leoni, Álvaro M. (2023). War, micro-imperialism and predatory practices. Anales De Historia Antigua, Medieval Y Moderna, 57(1). https://doi.org/10.34096/ahamm.v1.57.11978
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