Religious Identity and Political Authority in the Martyrdom of Zebina (BHO 531, BHG 942): Circulation and Adaptation of Polemical Motives between Byzantium and Sasanian Persia
Abstract
This article analyses the process of translation and transmission of East Syrian martyr literature in the Eastern Roman Empire between V and VII centuries. The contexts in which these translations were produced, and their condition of circulation and reception are still insufficiently known. In order to shed light on this process, we will focus our analysis in one specific text, The Martyrdom of Zebinas and his companions, in order to explore the transmission of hagiographical topoi related to the Christian conception of royal authority, and the limits to the obedience due to pagan rulers. Our hypothesis is that the East-Syrian martyr stories that circulated in Byzantium underwent a complex process of adjustment that involved a wide range of strategies.Downloads
References
Assemani, S. E. (Ed.). (1748). Acta ss. Martyrum Orientalium et Occidentalium. Roma: Collini. (=ASM).
Bailey, H. W. (1943). Zoroastrian problems in the ninth-century books. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Barnes, T. (1985). Constantine and the Christians of Persia. Journal of Roman Studies, 75, 126-136.
Barsoum, I.A. (2003 [1956]). The Scattered Pearls. A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Piscataway : Gorgias Press.
Bayan, G. (Ed.). (1930). Le Synaxaire Armenién de Ter Israel. En Patrologia Orientalis 5.3, 65.2, 15.3, 16.1, 18.1, 19.1, 21.1-4. París: Firmin & Didot.
Becker, A. (2009). Martyrdom, Religious Difference and "Fear" as a Category of Piety in the Sassanian Empire. The Case of the Martyrdom of Gregory and the Martyrdom of Yazdpaneh. Journal of Late Antiquity, 2, 300-336.
Bedjan, P. (Ed.). (1891-1897). Acta Martyrum et Sanctorum Syriace. París-Leipzig: Harrassowitz. (=AMS)
Brock, S. (1998). Syriac Culture, 337-425. En A. Cameron y P. Garnsey (Eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History 327-425 (708-719). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brock, S. (2008). The History of Mar Ma‘in with a Guide to the Persian Martyr Acts. Piscataway: Gorgias Press.
Brock, S. P. (1977). Greek into Syriac and Syriac into Greek. Journal f the Syriac Academy, 3, 1-17.
Burgess, R. (1999). The Dates of the Martyrdom of Simeon Bar Ṣabbāʿē and the Great Massacre. Analecta Bollandiana, 117, 9-66.
Choksy, J. (1988). Sacral Kingship in Sasanian Iran. Bulletin of the Asia Institute, 32, 35-52.
Christensen, A. (1944). L'Iran sous les Sassanides. Copenhague: P. Geuthner.
Clark, G. (1991). Let Every Soul be Subject: The Fathers and the Empire. En L. Alexander (Ed.), Images of Empire (251-275). Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
Daryaee, T. (2008). Kingship in Early Sasanian Iran. En V. Sarkhosh Curtis y S. Stewart (Eds.), The Idea of Iran. Volume III. The Sasanian Era (60-70). Londres: I. B. Tauris.
De Jong, J. (2006). Emperors in Egypt. The Representation and Perception of Roman Imperial Power in Greek Papyrus Texts from Egypt, AD 193-284.Nimega: Drukkerij Quickprint.
Delehaye, H. (1905). Catalogus codicum hagiographicorum graecorum bibliothecae D. Marci venetiarum. Analecta Bollandiana, 24, 169-256.
Delehaye, H. (Ed.). (1902). Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae e códice Sirmondiano nunc Berolinensi, Adiectis synaxarisselectis. Propylaeum Acta Sanctorum Novembris. Bruselas: Socios Bollandianos.
Delehaye, H. (Ed.). (1903). SS. Ionae et Barachisiimartyrum in Perside Acta graeca. Analecta Bollandiana, 22, 395-407.
Delehaye, H. (Ed.). (1907). Les Versions grecques des Actes des Martyrs Persans. Textes grecs et traductions. En Patrologia Orientalis 2.4 (421-436). París: Firmin-Didot. (=Martirio de Jonás (A)).
Delehaye, H. (Ed.). (1907). Les Versions grecques des Actes des Martyrs Persans. Textes grecs et traductions. En Patrologia Orientalis 2.4 (436-439). París: Firmin-Didot. (=Martirio de Jonás (B)).
Devos, P. (1946). Sainte Sirin martyre sous Khosrau Ier Anosarvan. Analecta Bollandiana, 64, 87-131.
Devos, P. (1953-1954). Le dossier hagiographique de S. jacques L'intercis. Analecta Bollandiana, 71/72, 157-210/213-256.
Devos, P. (1966). Les Martyrs Persans à travers leurs actes syriaques. En Atti del convegno sul teme La Persia e il mondo greco romano (213-225). Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei.
Erhard, A. (1937-1952). Überlieferung und Bestand der hagiographischen und homiletischen Literatur der griechischen Kirche.Osnabrück: Zeller.
Fiey, J. M. (1963). Tagrît. Esquisse d’histoire chrétienne. L'Orient Syrien, 8, 289-342.
Fiey, J. M., & Conrad, L. (2004). Saints Syriaques. Princeton: Darwin Press.
Gignoux, P. (1972). Glossaire des Inscriptions Pehlevies et Parthes. Londres: Lund Humphries.
Gignoux, P. (1998). Anatomie et physiologie humaine chez un auteur syriaque, Ahudemmeh. Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 142 (1), 231-24.
Gnoli, G. (1999). Farr(ah). En Encyclopaedia Iranica (312-316). Costa Mesa: Mazda.
Grillet, B. y Sabbah, G. (Eds. y Trads.). (1983). Sozomène: Histoire Ecclésiastique. Livres I-II.París: Cerf
Herman, G. (Ed.). (2016). Persian Martyr Acts under King Yazdgird I. Piscataway: Gorgias Press.
Hugonnard-Roche, H. (2014). La question de l’âme dans la tradition philosophique syriaque (VIe-IXe siècle). Studiagraeco-arabica, 4, 17-64.
Jullien, C. (2016). Découverte d'un martyr perse dans un légendier latin médiéval. Analecta Bollandiana, 134 (1), 5-19.
Jullien, F., & Jullien, C. (2003). Les Actes de MārMāri. Lovaina: Peeters.
Kalldelis, A. (2018). Catalogue of Translations into Byzantine Greek. https://www.google.com.ar/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj54cGUvYbfAhXKhJAKHbCkAl0QFjAAegQICRAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F36711128%2FKaldellis_Catalogue_of_Translations_into_Byzantine_Greek_version_III_&usg=A (acceso el 4 de diciembre de 2018)
Lagrange, F. (1852). Les Actes des Martyrs d’Orient. París: Belin.
Land, J. P. (Ed.). (1875). Pauli Persae Logica. En J. P. Land (Ed.), Anécdota Syriaca IV (pp. I, 1-32 (texto), II, 1-30 (trad. latina)). Leiden: Brill.
Latyshev, V. (Ed.). (1911-1912). Menologii anonymi Byzantini saeculi X quae supersunt: sumptibus Caesareae Academiae Scientiarum e Codice Mosquensi 376 Vlad. 7. San Petersburgo: S/P.
Leclercq, H. (1902-1925). Les martyrs. Recueil des pièces authentiques sur les martyrs depuis les origines du christianisme jusqu’au XXe siècle. París-Tours: Mame.
Lendon, J. (2001). Empire of Honour: The Art of Government in the Roman World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Marguliés, A. (1927). Der altkirchenslavische Codex Suprasliensis. Heidelberg: Winter.
MartyrologiumRomanum. S/A (1583) Martyrologium Romanum ad novam Kalendarii rationem et ecclesiasticae historice veritatem restitutum, Gregorii XIII Pont. Max. iussueditum. Roma: Typographia Domiici Basae.
Mercier, R. (1999). The Dates in Syriac Martyr Acts. En A. Burgess, y W. Witakowski (Eds.), Studies in Eusebian and Post-Eusebian Chronography (287-301). Stuttgart: Steiner.
Musurillo, H. (Ed.). (1972). The Acts of the Christian Martyrs. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Panaino, A. (2007). Astral Characters of Kingship in the Sasanian and Byzantine Worlds. En Politica Religiosa e regalità Sacra nell'Iran preislamico (pp. 143-182). Milán: Mimesis.
Parmentier, L. (Ed.). (1911). Theodoret: Kirchengeschichte.Leipzig: Hinrichs.
Peeters, P. (1922). Traductions et traducteurs dans l'Hagiographie Orientale á l'epoque byzantine. Analecta Bollandiana, 40, 241-298.
Peeters, P. (1925). Le `Passionnaire d'Adiabène. Analecta Bollandiana, 43, 261-304.
Rapp, C. (2016). Brother-Making in Late Antiquity and Byzantium: Monks, Laymen, and Christian Ritual. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ruiz Bueno, D. (1951). Actas de los mártires. Madrid : BAC.
Severianov, S. (1904). Супрасльская рукопись. Petrogrado: Pamjatniki Staroslavjanskago Jazyka.
Smith, K. (Ed.). (2014). The Martyrdom and History of Blessed Simeon Bar Ṣabba‘e. Piscataway: Gorgias press.
Soudavar, A. (2003). The Aura of Kings: Legitimacy and Divine Sanction in Iranian Kingship. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers.
Stern, S. (2004). Near Eastern Lunar Calendars in the Syriac Martyr Acts. Le Museon, 117/3-4, 447-472.
Sundermann, W. (1988). Ke cihr az yazdän. Zur Titulatur der Sasanidenkönige. Archív Orientalní, 56, 338-340.
Taylor, R. (1994). The Peshiṭta of Daniel. Leiden: Brill.
Ubierna, P. (2020a). Translations I: Greek Texts into other Languages (4th - 15 th C.). En S. Papaioannou (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Literature (1-22). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ubierna, P. (2020b). Translations II: From Contemporary Languages into Greek. II: Syriac. EnThe Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Literature. (1-22). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Widengren, G. (1959). The Sacral Kingship of Iran. En Edsman, C. M. (ed.), The Sacral Kingship. Studies in the History of Religions 4 (242-257). Leiden: Brill.
Wiessner, G. (1967). Zur Märtyrer-überlieferung aus der Christenverfolgung Schapurs II.Göttingen: Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht.
Wilmhurst, D. (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913. Lovaina: Peeters.
Wood, P. (2013). The Chronicle of Seert and Roman Ecclesiastical History in the Sasanian World. En P. Wood (Ed.), History and Identity in the Late Antique Near East (43-59). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zakeri, M. (1995). Sasanid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: the Origins of 'Ayyārān and Futuwwa. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
