The Great War and the Representation of the German Submarine in Argentine Illustrated Magazines. The Example of Caras y Caretas, El Hogar and Mundo Argentino
Abstract
During the First World War, Great Britain implemented a naval blockade to interrupt the supply of food and materials to Germany. The latter responded with a series of submarine campaigns, directed against the trade routes supplying the Allies. The international media made clear the destructive power of the U-boats when they published news of the sinkings and the accounts of the survivors. The present work deals with the representations of the submarine and the German submarine campaigns in the Argentine press, more precisely in Caras y Caretas, El Hogar, and Mundo Argentino. These illustrated weeklies, of great popularity and distribution, carried out an important coverage of the events, reflecting the interest of the society in the submarine and the generalized impact that it had reached in the domestic discourse.Downloads
References
Abbatiello, J. (2016). Atlantic U-boat Campaign en U. Daniel et al. (ed.), 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Freie Universität Berlin. https://doi.org/jk5k
Albert, B. (1988). South America and the First World War. The Impact of the War on Brazil, Argentina, Peru and Chile. Cambridge University Press.
Becker, A. (2015). The Great War: World War, Total War. International Review of the Red Cross, 97(900), 1029-1045.
Belini, C. y Badoza, S. (2014). El impacto de la Primera Guerra Mundial en la economía argentina. Ciencia Hoy, 24(139), 21-26.
Ben-Yehuda, N. (2013). Atrocity, Deviance, and Submarine Warfare: Norms and Practices during the World Wars. University of Michigan Press.
Black, J. (2017). Naval Warfare: a Global History Since 1860. Rowman & Littlefield.
Compagnon, O. (2014). América Latina y la Gran Guerra. El adiós a Europa (Argentina y Brasil, 1914-1939). Crítica.
Dalla Fontana, L. (2015). Los militares argentinos dijeron… La Gran Guerra en las publicaciones militares entre 1914 y 1918. Revista de la Escuela Superior de Guerra, 93(591), 65-100.
Dalla Fontana, L. (2020). La Gran Guerra (1914/1918). El enfoque militar de los hechos en el diario La Unión. Investigaciones y Ensayos, 69, 22-40.
Dehne, P. (2009). On the Far Western Front. Britain’s First World War in South America. Manchester University Press.
Desiderato, A. (2019). La Primera Guerra Mundial y su influencia en la Armada Argentina, 1914-1927. Una aproximación en M. I. Tato, A. P. Pires y L. E. Dalla Fontana (coords.), Guerras del siglo XX. Experiencias y representaciones en perspectiva global (pp. 63-75). Prohistoria.
Desiderato, A. (2021a). Algunas consideraciones sobre el Centro Naval durante la Primera Guerra Mundial 1914-1918. Revista Historia Autónoma, (19), 169-183.
Desiderato, A. (2021b). Death Lurks in Grey Seas: Experiences of the Maritime Crossing between Argentina and Europe during the First World War. International Journal of Maritime History, 33(4), 707-721.
Díaz Araujo, E. (1987). Yrigoyen y la guerra. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.
Domecq García, M. (1924). Memoria del Ministerio de Marina correspondiente al ejercicio 1923-1924. Talleres Gráficos de la Dirección Gral. Administrativa.
Eujanian, A. (1999). Historia de Revistas Argentinas 1900-1950. La Conquista del Público. Asociación Argentina de Editores de Revistas.
Gerwarth, R. y Manela, E. (2014). The Great War as a Global War: Imperial Conflict and the Reconfiguration of World Order, 1911-1923. Diplomatic History, 38(4), 786-800.
Gociol, J. y Rosemberg, D. (2000). La historieta argentina. Una historia. De la Flor.
Goñi Demarchi, C., Seala, J. y Berraondo, G. (1998), Yrigoyen y la Gran Guerra. Aspectos desconocidos de una gesta ignorada. Ediciones Ciudad Argentina.
Hadley, M. (1995). Count Not the Dead. The Popular Image of the German Submarine. McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Halpern, P. (2013). Handelskrieg mit U-Booten: The German Submarine Offensive in World War I en B. Elleman et al. (ed.), Commerce Raiding. Historical Case Studies, 1755-2009 (pp. 135-150). Naval War College Press.
Horne, J. (1997). Introduction: Mobilizing for Total War, 1914-1918 en J. Horne (ed.), State, Society, and Mobilization in Europe during the First World War (pp. 1-18). Cambridge University Press.
Johnson, J. (2016). Science and Technology en U. Daniel et al. (ed.), 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Freie Universität Berlin. https://doi.org/jk5m
Karau, M. (2003). The Naval Flank of the Western Front. The German MarineKorps Flandern 1914-1918. Seaforth publishing.
Karau, M. (2017). Submarines and Submarine Warfare en U. Daniel et al. (ed.), 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Freie Universität Berlin. https://doi.org/jk5n
Koldau, L. M. (2010). Mythos U-Boot. Franz Steiner Verlag.
Kramer, A. (2020). Naval Blockade (of Germany) en U. Daniel et al. (ed.), 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Freie Universität Berlin. https://doi.org/jk5p
Lanús, J. A. (2001). Aquel Apogeo. Política internacional argentina, 1910-1939. Emecé.
Martínez, A. B. (1914). Censo de los diarios, periódicos y revistas de 1895 y de 1914 en Tercer Censo Nacional. Levantado el 1° de Junio de 1914, Tomo IX, Instrucción Pública y Bienes del Estado (pp. 273-280). Talleres Gráficos de L. J. Rosso y Cía.
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. (1919). Documentos y Actos de Gobierno relativos a la Guerra en Europa. Establecimiento gráfico Enrique L. Frigerio.
Pelosi, H. (2004). La Primera Guerra Mundial. Relaciones internacionales franco-argentinas. Temas de Historia Argentina y Americana, (4), 155-184.
Purseigle, P. (2001). Mirroring Societies at War: Pictorial Humour in the British and French Popular Press during the First World War. Journal of European Studies, 31(123), 289-328.
Rayes, A. (2014). Los destinos de las exportaciones y la neutralidad argentina durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Política y cultura, (42), 31-52.
Rayner, J. (2017). The Deadliest Thing that Keeps the Seas: the Technology, Tactics and Terror of the Submarine in The War Illustrated Magazine. Journal for Maritime Research, 19(1), 1-22.
Redford, D. (2010). The Submarine: A Cultural History from the Great War to Nuclear Combat. Tauris Academic Studies.
Rinke, S. (2017). Latin America and the First World War. Cambridge University Press.
Rowe, L. (2019). Constructing Heroism: Submarines, Submariners and the Dardanelles Campaign, 1915. Journal for Maritime Research, 20(1-2), 41-65.
Sánchez, G. E. (2018). Pasión de multitudes: la prensa y la opinión pública de Buenos Aires frente al estallido de la Gran Guerra. Anuario IEHS, 33(1), 177-204.
Scarfi, J. P. (2018). El pensamiento legal internacional latinoamericano ante la Primera Guerra Mundial: el panamericanismo legal, el nuevo derecho internacional americano, y el renacimiento del latinoamericanismo defensivo (1914-1933) en O. Compagnon et al. (ed.), La Gran Guerra en América Latina. Una historia conectada (pp. 203-220). CEMCA.
Scheina, R. (1987). Iberoamérica: Una Historia Naval, 1810-1987. Editorial San Martín.
Siepe, R. y Llairó, M. (1992). Yrigoyen, la Primera Guerra Mundial y las relaciones económicas. CEAL.
Sondhaus, L. (2014). The Great War at Sea: A Naval History of the First World War. Cambridge University Press.
Strachan, H. (2010), The First World War as a global war. First World War Studies, 1(1), 3-14.
Sumida, J. (2014). In Defense of Naval Supremacy: Financial Limitation, Technological Innovation and British Naval Policy, 1889-1914. Naval Institute Press.
Tato, M. I. (2017). La Trinchera Austral. La sociedad argentina ante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Prohistoria.
Tato, M. I. (2018). Fighting for a lost cause? The Germanophile newspaper La Unión in neutral Argentina, 1914-1918. War in History, 25(4), 464-484.
Tato, M. I. y Dalla Fontana, L. (2021). An Argentine reporter in the European trenches: Lieut. Col. Emilio Kinkelin’s war chronicles en A. P. Pires et al. (ed.), The Global First World War. African, East Asian, Latin American and Iberian Mediators (pp. 164-185). Routledge.
Thompson, W. (1994). The Image of War: The Pictorial Reporting of the American Civil War. Luisiana State University Press.
Van der Karr, J. (1974). La Primera Guerra Mundial y la política económica argentina. Troquel.
Weinmann, R. (1994). Argentina en la Primera Guerra Mundial: neutralidad, transición política y continuismo económico. Biblos.
Copyright (c) 2022 Agustín Daniel Desiderato
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Historia & Guerra uses an international license Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms..
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
The author retains all rights to his work without restriction and grants Historia & Guerra the right to be the first publication of the work. Likewise, the author may establish additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the Journal (for example, placing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with the acknowledgment of having been first published in this journal. Use of the work for commercial purposes is not permitted.